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Adekunle V. AG Ogun State (2018) CLR 1(b) (SC)

Judgement delivered on January 12, 2018

Brief

  • Preliminary objection
  • Prerogative of mercy
  • Section 212 of the Constitution
  • Section 34 of the Constitution
  • Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution
  • Order 2 rule 9 of the Supreme Court Rules
  • Article 3 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act 1990
  • Article 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act 1990
  • Article 5 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act 1990
  • Article 6 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act 1990
  • Article 8 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act 1990

Facts

This is an appeal against the judgment of the Court of Appeal, Ibadan division delivered on 20th February, 2014 - Coram: Chidi Nwaoma Uwa, JCA, Haruna Simon Tsammani, JCA, Obietonbero Daniel- Kalio, JCA wherein, in dismissing the appellant's appeal the court affirmed the judgment of the trial court delivered on Friday the 15th day of June, 2007 in suit No. M/105/2006.

The appellant herein had earlier been charged with offence of murder, tried, convicted and consequently sentenced to death at the Ogun State High Court. His appeal to the court below was dismissed and the subsequent appeal to this court was dismissed, whereby the conviction and sentence, passed on the appellant by the trial High court and affirmed by the court below was affirmed by this court on the 10th day of June, 2006. The applicant was then awaiting execution of the judgment of the court.

Subsequently, the appellant applied to the High Court of Ogun State for the enforcement of his fundamental Rights to Freedom from Torture, inhuman and degrading treatment as guaranteed by Section 34 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 and Articles 3,4,5,6, and 8 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act, Cap.10 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990.

By the said application, the appellant had sought the following reliefs:

  • 1
    A DECLARATION that a citizen of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the applicant is entitled to protection against any form of infringement of his fundamental rights guaranteed under Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999.
  • 2
    A DECLARATION that the punishment for murder is death and does not include prolonged period in detention before the execution of the death sentence.
  • 3
    A DECLARATION that the prolonged detention of the applicant under death row awaiting the execution of the death sentence with its associated trauma and anguish constitutes torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment.
  • 4
    A DECLARATION that the prolonged detention of the applicant since he was convicted and sentenced to death in 13/10/2000 awaiting execution - a period of more than 6 years constitutes another form of punishment i.e. long period of imprisonment under trauma and anguish of imminent death, for the same offence apart from the punishment of death and therefore deserving judicial remedy for the earlier sentence of death.
  • 5
    A DECLARATION that to carry out the execution of the death sentence on the applicant, a delay of more than 6 years constitutes inhuman and cruel punishment contrary to Section 34 (1) (a) of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
  • 6
    A DECLARATION that the period of more than 6 years in detention awaiting execution constitutes a period of despair, agony, uncertainty which impacts negatively on the mental, emotional and psychological health of the applicant and is therefore unlawful and offends Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria,
  • 7
    AN ORDER for stay of the execution of the death sentence passed on the applicant.
  • 8
    AN ORDER for unconditional release of the Applicant from prison or alternatively AN ORDER that the death sentence be converted to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 6 years including the period he was detained awaiting execution of his sentence.

In support of the application were two affidavits and a Statement stating the grounds of the application. The respondent filed a counter affidavit to oppose the application and the applicant filed a further and Better Affidavit in response.

Learned counsel to both parties thereafter addressed the trial court. In its reserved judgment delivered on 15/06/2007, the trial court granted the declaration sought in relief 1 above, that, as a citizen of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the applicant is entitled to protection against any form of infringement of his fundamental rights guaranteed under Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999. The declarations sought in reliefs 2,3,4, and 5 failed on ground of want of evidence. The two Orders sought in reliefs 7 and 8 above were adjudged without foundation and accordingly dismissed.

Dissatisfied with the judgment of the trial court led the applicant to appeal to the court below on five (5) grounds of appeal from which four (4) issues were distilled for determination. In their reserved unanimous decision handed down on 27/2/2014, the appeal was dismissed after resolving all the issues presented for determination against the applicant. The judgment of the trial court was then affirmed.

Further dissatisfied led the appellant to appeal to this court.

Issues

Whether the period of his incarceration on the death row for six years awaiting...

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